In the summer the low pressures are centered over the Indus-Gangetic Plain and high wind from the Indian Ocean blows towards the center. [234] In 2018, 11.3 million children at the primary level and 20.6 million children at the lower secondary level were out-of-school in South Asia, while millions of children completed primary education without mastering the foundational skills of basic numeracy and literacy. Agriculture is a large focus in Nepal, however low crop yields due to pests and weather damage in past season has hampered the ability of the state to leverage their natural resources for growth. The majority of Sri Lanka identifies as Buddhist, with nearly 70% of the population in this category. Maritime Southeast Asia is historically referred to as the Malay archipelago and East Indies consist of Indonesia, East Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Brunei, East Timor, Christmas Island, Cocos Island, and in some instances Taiwan. World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision, custom data acquired via website. J. Approximately 194.6 million people are undernourished in India, which accounts for the highest number of people suffering from hunger in any single country. [103], Increasing urbanisation of India between 800 and 400 BCE, and possibly the spread of urban diseases, contributed to the rise of ascetic movements and of new ideas which challenged the orthodox Brahmanism. miles) 36.6 % of the population is urban (709,387,963 people in 2019). Sri Lanka is an island found off the southeast tip of Indian, in the Indian Ocean. [139], The modern history period of South Asia, that is 16th-century onwards, witnessed the start of the Central Asian dynasty named the Mughals, with Turkish-Mongol roots and Sunni Islam theology. The Bamiyan Buddhas of Afghanistan and the edicts of Aśoka suggest that the Buddhist monks spread Buddhism (Dharma) in eastern provinces of the Seleucid Empire, and possibly even farther into Western Asia. [274][275] Sometimes referred as a great power or emerging superpower primarily attributed to its large and expanding economic and military abilities, India acts as fulcrum of South Asia. India’s GDP in 2019 was $6,134. Akbar, a Mughal ruler for example, sought religious tolerance and abolished jizya. [150][151][152][153], In Aurangzeb's time, almost all of South Asia was claimed by the Mughal Empire. South Asia: Countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka (8) Create custom quiz. [135][136] In the Deccan region, the Hindu kingdom Vijayanagara Empire came to power in 1336 and remained in power through the 16th century, after which it too was reconquered and absorbed into the Mughal Empire. [234] Their capacity to deliver inclusive and equitable quality education is limited by low levels of public finance for education,[235] while the smaller emerging middle-income countries like Sri Lanka, Maldives and Bhutan have been able to achieve universal primary school completion, and are in a better position to focus on quality of education. In the current economic climate, Nepal is suffering from the lack of influx of tourism dollars as well as increased prices for essential items. Countries of South Asia . [6] The population of South Asia is about 1.891 billion or about one-fourth of the world's population, making it both the most populous and the most densely populated geographical region in the world. GDP per capita in Pakistan in 2019 is $1,285 USD - putting it in the range of developing economies. What countries are in Southeast Asia? Urban areas such as Delhi, Mumbai, and Bengaluru are the most populous cities of India. There are 48 countries in Asia today, according to the United Nations. Tiny Singapore is a city, country, and island all at the same time. The death of Ibrahim Lodi ended the Delhi Sultanate, and the Mughal Empire replaced it. While the number of malnourished people in the neighborhood has shown a decline over the last 25 years, the number of under-nourished in Pakistan displays an upward trend. Schools and places of worship have been open since July, while businesses and restaurants have reopened gradually. [21] Beyond the core territories of the British Raj or the British Indian Empire, there is a high degree of variation as to which other countries are included in South Asia. [61][62] Much of the region consists of a peninsula in south-central Asia, rather resembling a diamond which is delineated by the Himalayas on the north, the Hindu Kush in the west, and the Arakanese in the east,[63] and which extends southward into the Indian Ocean with the Arabian Sea to the southwest and the Bay of Bengal to the southeast. Richard Davis (1994), Three styles in looting India, History and Anthropology, 6(4), pp 293–317, Muhammad B. Sam Mu'izz Al-Din, T. W. Haig, Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. Despite this, it is home to the largest concentration of people, 300 million, living below the international poverty line of $1.25 per day. Since the formation of its republic abolishing British law, it has remained a democracy with civil liberties, an active Supreme Court, and a largely independent press. Indias population growth rate is 1.2% annually with a life expectancy of 66 years. [281] With Yugoslavia, India found Non-Aligned Movement but later entered an agreement with former Soviet Union following western support for Pakistan. It is the peninsular region south of the Himalayas and Kuen Lun mountain ranges and east of the Indus River and the Iranian Plateau, extending southward into the Indian Ocean between the Arabian Sea (to the southwest) and the Bay of Bengal (to the southeast). The climate of this vast region varies considerably from area to area from tropical monsoon in the south to temperate in the north. [257] India leads region in democracy index. It is one of the emerging and growth-leading economies of the world, and It is also listed among the Next Eleven countries. The monsoons are the second coolest season of the year because of high humidity and cloud covering. D. R. M. (2013). It regards itself as a link between Central Asia and South Asia. South Asia is largely divided into four broad climate zones:[170], Maximum relative humidity of over 80% has been recorded in Khasi and Jaintia Hills and Sri Lanka, while the area adjustment to Pakistan and western India records lower than 20%–30%. It is the fastest-growing major economy in the world and one of the world's fastest registering a growth of 7.3% in FY 2014–15. [184] The Devanagari script is also used for classical Sanskrit texts. Bangladesh is a unitary state and parliamentary democracy. The spoken languages of the region are largely based on geography and shared across religious boundaries, but the written script is sharply divided by religious boundaries. [66] South Asia as the preferred term is particularly common when scholars or officials seek to differentiate this region from East Asia. Pakistan's governance is one of the most conflicted in the region. Deborah Klimburg-Salter (1989), The Kingdom of Bamiyan: Buddhist art and culture of the Hindu Kush, Naples – Rome: Istituto Universitario Orientale & Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente. [80][81] The South Asian Studies Program of Rutgers University and the University of California, Berkeley Centre for South Asia Studies also include the Maldives. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2014). The unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic of Sri Lanka is oldest sustained democracy in Asia. Organization of local, state, and federal organizations, as well as delivery of basic services and infrastructure improvements have dominated development in Nepal for much of the 2000s. Tauris. South Asia gdp per capita for 2019 was $1,957, a 3.03% increase from 2018. [233], One of the key challenges in assessing the quality of education in South Asia is the vast range of contextual difference across the region, complicating any attempt to compare between countries. [34], The common definition of South Asia is largely inherited from the administrative boundaries of the British Raj,[35] with several exceptions. Later Sindh, Balochistan, and parts of the Punjab region saw conquest by the Arab caliphates along with an influx of Muslims from Persia and Central Asia, which resulted in spread of both Shia and Sunni Islam in parts of northwestern region of South Asia. While over half of the students complete secondary school with acquiring requisite skills. [60], The boundaries of South Asia vary based on how the region is defined. [12] South Asia alone accounts for 98.47% of Hindus, 90.5% of Sikhs, and 31% of Muslims worldwide, as well as 35 million Christians and 25 million Buddhists. The Ghurid Sultan Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad began a systematic war of expansion into North India in 1173. The first ruler was Babur, whose empire extended the northwest and Indo-Gangetic Plain regions of South Asia. The island nation sits off the coast of India in the Indian Ocean and is spread between 1,192 islands grouped into 26 atolls that are home to only half a million people. Bangladesh means the “land of Bengal” Bhutan | Capital: Thimphu. East Pakistan became Bangladesh in 1971. It includes the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Sri Lanka; Afghanistan and the Maldives are often considered part of South Asia as well. To the south, the Indian Ocean provides a border. [104][failed verification] These ideas led to Sramana movements, of which Mahavira (c. 549–477 BCE), proponent of Jainism, and Buddha (c. 563–483), founder of Buddhism, were the most prominent icons. The military rule and the unstable government in Pakistan have become a concern for the South Asian region. [30], However, the total area of South Asia and its geographical extent is not clear cut as systemic and foreign policy orientations of its constituents are quite asymmetrical. [127] The raids did not establish or extend permanent boundaries of their Islamic kingdoms. [72] This region has also been labelled as "India" (in its classical and pre-modern sense) and "Greater India". It was reconquered by the armies of the Mughal Empire. It is also the most populous, with China and India leading the way. [18][19][20] Afghanistan is, however, considered by some to be a part of Central Asia, Western Asia, or the Middle East. [31][22][32][33] The confusion existed also because of the lack of a clear boundary – geographically, geopolitical, socio-culturally, economically or historically – between South Asia and other parts of Asia, especially the Middle East and Southeast Asia. Pakistan is a federal parliamentary Islamic republic and was the world's first country to adopt Islamic republic system to modify its republican status under its otherwise secular constitution in 1956. [28] However, in Pakistan, the term "South Asia" is considered too India-centric and was banned until 1989 after the death of Zia ul Haq. [288], Populism is a general characteristic of internal politics of India.[289]. In India, the malnourished comprise just over 15 percent of the population. 5, ed. [36][37][19][20] The mountain countries of Nepal and Bhutan, two independent countries that were not part of the British Raj,[38] and the island countries of Sri Lanka and Maldives are generally included. Afghanistan is, however, considered by some to be a part of Central Asia, Western Asia, or the Middle East. As the Himalayas block the north-Asian bitter cold winds, the temperatures are considerably moderate in the plains down below. EEZ+TIA is exclusive economic zone (EEZ) plus total internal area (TIA) which includes land and internal waters. Find top stories in South Asia at straitstimes.com. It has the fastest GDP growth rate in Asia. But, at the beginning of June, the jetstreams vanish above the Tibetan Plateau, low pressure over the Indus Valley deepens and the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) moves in. [124] Mahmud of Ghazni raided the treasuries but retracted each time, only extending Islamic rule into western Punjab. [58] Population Information Network (POPIN) excludes Maldives which is included as a member Pacific POPIN subregional network. [234], According to UNICEF, girls face incredible hurdles to pursue their education in the region,[235] while UNESCO estimated in 2005 that 24 million girls of primary-school age in the region were not receiving any formal education. [95] In this period, states Samuel, emerged the Brahmana and Aranyaka layers of Vedic texts, which merged into the earliest Upanishads. [262] The nature of Bangladeshi politics can be characterized as a multi-party system. Countries of Southeast Asia: Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, East Timor, Brunei, Cambodia and Laos. Nepal was the last Hindu state in world before becoming a secular democratic republic in 2008. In Nepal, the government has struggled to come in the side of democracy, and it only showed signs in the recent past, basically in the 21st century, to support the democratic system. There were 28.7 million hungry in Pakistan in the 1990s – a number that has steadily increased to 41.3 million in 2015 with 22% of the population malnourished. [9][10][11], In 2010, South Asia had the world's largest populations of Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, Jains and Zoroastrians. [53], The World Bank and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) recognizes the eight SAARC countries as South Asia,[54][55][56][57] The Hirschman–Herfindahl index of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific for the region excludes Afghanistan from South Asia. Find Out Not included in this total of "countries" and listed separately are: Myanmar's politics is dominated by a military Junta, which has sidelined the democratic forces led by Aung San Suu Kyi. [234], Children's education in the region is also adversely affected by natural and human-made crises including natural hazards, political instability, rising extremism and civil strife that makes it difficult to deliver educational services. Bhutan’s modest economy is based on forestry, agriculture, and hydropower. South Asia, the world’s second-most populous region, has experienced rapid economical growth over the past two decades. The strongest economies in South Asia at the moment are Bangladesh, India, and Nepal. India is largely English-speaking country, although there are 22 languages in total that are spoken there. The change is violent. [186], English, with British spelling, is commonly used in urban areas and is a major economic lingua franca of South Asia. [26][18][20] On the other hand, Myanmar (formerly Burma), administered as part of the British Raj between 1886 and 1937[27] and now largely considered a part of Southeast Asia as a member state of ASEAN, is also sometimes included. [235] Different South Asian countries have different education structures. The northern belt of Indo-Gangetic plains also is hot in summer, but cooler in winter. [130], The Delhi Sultanate covered varying parts of South Asia and was ruled by a series of dynasties, called Mamluk, Khalji, Tughlaq, Sayyid and Lodi dynasties. In general, South Asia encompasses Sri … The winter monsoon: Wind blows from the northeast. [125][126], The wave of raids on north Indian and western Indian kingdoms by Muslim warlords continued after Mahmud of Ghazni, plundering and looting these kingdoms. [91], The Vedic period, named after the Vedic religion of the Indo-Aryans,[note 6] lasted from c. 1900 to 500 BCE. [123] Among them was Mahmud of Ghazni, who raided and plundered kingdoms in north India from east of the Indus river to west of Yamuna river seventeen times between 997 and 1030. After the death of Muhammad bin Tughlaq, the Bengal Sultanate came to power in 1352 CE, as the Delhi Sultanate began disintegrating. Ruled by a Buddhist monarchy, Bhutan evolved largely cut off from the world. Its primary sources of profit are agriculture (including tea and rice), textiles and apparel, and tea export. [144][145] The economic developments on South Asia waved the period of proto-industrialization. [283] India's nuclear test in 1974 pushed Pakistan's nuclear program[284] who conducted nuclear tests in Chagai-I in 1998, just 18 days after India's series of nuclear tests for thermonuclear weapons.[285]. South Asia includes the following 8 countries: India is the second-most populous country in the world with 1.3B people, coming in second only to China. Bhutan with only one university and Maldives with none hardly had between them about 7000 students in higher education in 2011. About the Middle East and South Asia region About the Middle East and South Asia region Located between trading routes connecting Western and Eastern nations and in close proximity to Europe, Africa and India, the Middle East & South Asia (“MESA”) region has for centuries been and continues to be a hub for global and regional trade. Muhammad bin Tughlaq came to power in 1325, launched a war of expansion and the Delhi Sultanate reached it largest geographical reach over the South Asian region during his 26-year rule. [147][148][149] Religious taxes on non-Muslims called jizya were imposed. India is a secular federative parliamentary republic with premier as head of government. Valentin Semenovich Burtman & Peter Hale Molnar. [124][129] Mu'izz sought a Sunni Islamic kingdom of his own extending east of the Indus river, and he thus laid the foundation for the Muslim kingdom that became the Delhi Sultanate. Only 19 percent of children attending primary and lower secondary schools attaining a minimum proficiency level in reading and mathematics. It is also one of the fastest-growing middle-income countries. After the Second Anglo-Afghan War, it was a British protectorate until 1919. Bangladesh's economic growth crossed 7% in fiscal 2015–2016 after almost a decade in the region of 6%, It's expected to grow by 8.13% in 2019–2020. [39][64], The terms "Indian subcontinent" and "South Asia" are sometimes used interchangeably. [224][251], The 2006 report stated, "the low status of women in South Asian countries and their lack of nutritional knowledge are important determinants of high prevalence of underweight children in the region". 8 countries and one territory 1,684,603,229 inhabitants 5,185,469 sq km 0.00 inhabitants/sq km population evolution. In Nepal (390 thousand) and Sri Lanka (230 thousand) the numbers were much smaller.
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